Purpose and applicability
How many empirical components summarize the twelve academic-engagement items?
No completed-result prerequisite is required for the first run.
Do not use it merely because it is available
Use Principal Component Analysis only when its estimand, data roles and assumptions answer the stated research question. Choose a related estimator or diagnostic when the intended outcome is not among the documented outputs below.
Study preparation
- Teaching data
- scale-development-pca.csv
- Observations
- 360
- Study type
- Deterministic synthetic teaching study
- Calculate route
- Calculate → Principal Component Analysis
Open the data dictionary and variable-role reference
Variable roles
Select behavioral_1–behavioral_4, emotional_1–emotional_4, and cognitive_1–cognitive_4; do not select case_id
Exact workflow
Download scale-development-pca.csv. Keep both files in a writable study folder.
Start QuickPLS, choose New Project, open Data, choose Import Data, select the CSV, review the preview, and choose Import.
Open Data and confirm that the study contains 360 observations. Return to the model or calculation workspace.
Assign the method roles exactly as follows: Select behavioral_1–behavioral_4, emotional_1–emotional_4, and cognitive_1–cognitive_4; do not select case_id.
Confirm the selected variables exclude case identifiers and include every role required by the method.
Choose Calculate, then use Calculate → Principal Component Analysis.
Review the essential settings listed below. Open Advanced settings only when the design requires a non-default option.
Resolve actionable blockers, review applicability warnings, and leave Open Results when finished selected.
Choose Start calculation. Wait for Completed, then confirm that Results opens for this method.
Inspect the named outputs below in order. Use Save Report, table Copy, or Export as required, then save and reopen the project to confirm the result remains available.
Essential and advanced settings
- Use the Kaiser rule for the first run
- Request scores only if you need a reusable component dataset
Keep other advanced controls at their documented defaults unless the study design requires a justified change. Record every non-default value in the research log.
Results to inspect
- Explained and cumulative variance
- Scree plot
- Component loadings
- Component scores
Interpretation guidance
For Principal Component Analysis, interpret the listed outputs together with the prerequisite result, the selected settings, model assumptions and data quality. The supplied values are instructional; they are not validation against an external paper or another software package.
- Installed 2.62.8 qualification is blocked: a newly imported dataset cannot open Analyze until it is saved, a dataset-only general-SEM project cannot reopen because it has no resident model authority, and a model-backed PCA run completes computation but is rejected during saved-result reconciliation because the immutable Start witness has no exact scientific model identity. Result screenshots remain pending.
Reporting guidance
Report the QuickPLS version, Principal Component Analysis route, sample size, model or variable roles, preprocessing, essential settings, non-default advanced settings, and the named primary outputs. Retain the project, data checksum and exported table used in the manuscript.
Common mistakes and recovery
- Running the method before completing its prerequisite calculation.
- Changing the data, model or variable roles after the prerequisite result was saved.
- Treating an unavailable or not-applicable value as zero.
- Reporting an estimate without its method-appropriate uncertainty or diagnostic context.
Screen-by-screen evidence
Images shown here are mapped to this tutorial’s required installed-application evidence. Missing captures are labelled explicitly and are not replaced with generic screenshots.
Required screen 1: Imported teaching dataset is open
Required screen 2: Method-specific variable roles are selected
Required screen 3: Correct method and required settings are visible
Required screen 4: Primary Principal Component Analysis result is visible
Required screen 5: Second important Principal Component Analysis result is visible